We are presenting the beta version of
ALOHEPv0.9.1 to the high energy physics community. You can download the latest version (v0.9.1 17/10/2016) of the program from
this link.
The Motivation
This software (ALOHEP: A Luminosity Optimizer for High Energy Physics) is simply a Collision Point Simulator for the linac-ring type electron-proton colliders.
There are several beam-beam simulation programs for linear e+e− and photon colliders. Unfortunately, no similar programs exist for ep colliders. In order to understand and analyze electron-proton beam interactions at collision points, this software is developed as a numerical program that considers beam dynamics. At this stage luminosity, beam-beam tune shift and disruption are included in.
It is obvious that luminosity values with nominal beam parameters can be calculated analytically [1]. However, when beam dynamics is deeply analyzed considering time evolution of beam structures, it becomes almost impossible to make analytical solutions. These affects become time-dependent due to varying beam sizes during collision. The work on the upgraded version which will include time dependent behaviour of beams during collision as well as γp collider options is under progress. In addition, in order to achieve highest luminosity values at the collision, beam parameters should be optimized. For this reason an additional interface is being developed. It will optimize luminosity and give required beam parameters within pre-determined parameter interval.
General Structure
ALOHEP has a Java based environment and therefore will be platform-independent. You can see the detailed explanation of the interface structure and instructions in Section 2.
The software requires you to enter the main parameters of electron and proton accelerators as input. Then, right after the luminosity computation, two new frames appear:
A frame showing a representation of collision,
A frame showing final results.
The results are also exported to a text file.
Finally, the current version (v0.9.1) is a beta version and therefore quite open to your feedback, comments and also questions. We are trying to develop the software as “user-firendly” as possible. Do not hesitate to contact us:
bilgehan.oner@gmail.com
yef@etu.edu.tr
History of the Software
The first idea of ALOHEP is arised at TOBB University of Economics and Technology (Ankara / Turkey) while discussing if there were an accurate method to optimize luminosity of linac-ring type ep colliders. We decided that numerical computation via a code would give more realistic results and come up with the first downloadable version of ALOHEP (v0.9.1). As new versions become available, performed changes will be listed in the corresponding manuals.
v0.9.1
Luminosity computation of electron-proton collision at linac-ring type colliders considering beam dynamics and time dependence of beam parameters.
DOWNLOAD & INSTRUCTIONS
Download
You can access ALOHEP at:
http://www.yef.etu.edu.tr/ALOHEP_eng.html
http://www.hepforge.org
Installation & Run
In fact you may event don’t need any extra installation under favour of java. You can run the program only with a double-click in all operating systems. However, we suggest running ALOHEP from a command-line interface (terminal or shell). Basic instructions are given for Unix, Mac OS X and Windows below.
(If you have problems with the visual part of the simulation or running the jar as executable, we recommend to install java-7-openjdk or a higher version.)
Unix
After installation just type this line to the command line in terminal (after setting your directory to the ALOHEP folder):
java -jar ALOHEP_beta_v0.9.1.jar
Or right click the jar file and then choose “Open With”. If OpenJDK Java 8 Runtime still doesn’t appear on the list, choose it from the “Other Application...”.
If you have earlier Java versions installed and encounter problems running the jar file we suggest you to install OpenJDK Java 8 Runtime. In order to install type the lines below to the terminal:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk
Mac OS X
In order to run the program, type the lines below to the terminal (after setting your directory to the ALOHEP folder):
java -jar ALOHEP_beta_v0.9.1.jar
Windows
In order to run the program, double click the jar flie or type the lines below to the command prompt (after setting your directory to the ALOHEP folder):
java -jar ALOHEP_beta_v0.9.1.jar
Instructions
ALOHEP Main Frame:
When you run the program, you will come across with a frame that requires main collider parameters from the user. The left column includes electron beam’s and the right one includes proton beam’s parameters. You may enter them one by one or modify some of the existing well-known accelerators’ default parameters. You can click the check-boxes below the parameters (e.g., LHC-p) to perform the latter one.
Electron beams usually have much smaller size compared to the hadron beams which would lead unacceptable beam-beam tune shift. A common proposal as a solution to this problem is transversely matching the beam sizes. Therefore, we added a checkbox named “matched beams” which simply matches the transverse beam size of electron to the transverse size of proton beam. Beta function of electron beam is increased in order to realize this. One should note that the lower limit of βproton at interaction point is assumed to be 0.1 m (see [1] and references therein) however increasing βelectron is reasonable and we assume no upper limit for β function.
Settings:
In the current version you may set four different parameters in the Settings frame; namely, disruption maximum limit, beam-beam parameter maximum limit, number of representative particles and electron beam power.
Disruption Limit: Default limit value is 25. However one may change this limit regarding his/her individual design (e.g., detector position and/or beam separation processes).
Beam-beam Parameter Limit: Default limit value is 0.01. Similarly, one may change this limit in the Settings section.
Number Of Representative Particles: Default value is 1000. This value does not directly related with the number of charged particles (e.g., Ne or Np). It determines the representative points for each beam in the visual simulation which starts automatically after the luminosity computation. In addition, computation of beam size evaluation utilizes these points’ motions and therefore directly affects the simulation time.
Electron beam power: Default limit is 50 MW. Electron beam power is proportional to energy, frequency and number of electrons.
Visual Simulation of Collision at Interaction Point:
After you click the “Calculate Luminosity” button the initial main frame freezes until the computation is fully performed. If you run the program from terminal/shell then you can see the “estimated remaining time” and may terminate it if you want. If not, then the remaining time is also printed in the FinalResults.txt. When the computation is complete, a new frame exhibiting the collision at interaction area automatically appears. No extra collider parameter computation is performed in the meantime.
One can pause/play the simulation using the “play” button below the frame.
The scale of the propagation direction and the scale of the horizontal direction are not matched. One can see them from the corresponding axes.
The upper-left part shows the time-dependent beam sizes during collision.
Final Results:
Probably, the most important frame is this one. Luminosity with and without beam dynamics consideration is given in this frame in addition to the nominal disrupion and beam-beam parameter results. In addition, these results are exported to a text file which also includes the collider parameters and whole settings.
BACKGROUND PHYSICS
Current version (v0.9.1) only considers linac-ring type ep colliders for now. See [1] for the details of the luminosity, disruption and beam-beam parameter calculations for different type of lepton-hadron colliders.
The current version computes the motion of electron and proton particles due to the beam-beam effects in a roundabout way. A numerical calculation for lepton-hadron luminosity is performed regarding time dependent beam parameters. Motions of the beams are computed step by step with a default total number of time steps. Thus, more realistic effects of beam dynamics is ensured to calculate luminosity. The program also assumes that the Gaussian charge density distributions along the transverse directions are preserved during collision and locates initial representative particles regarding these distributions.
WHAT IS NEXT?
We plan to put ALOHEP v1.0.0 in service as soon as possible. If you want to cite the beta version, corresponding reference is at the very end of this manual. A detailed manuscript (about physics and the simulation details) will be available when the complete program is announced. Here is the list of the things that are planned to be in the next versions:
One of the authors’ aims is to optimize luminosity of lepton-hadron colliders with a realistic method. An optimization section is under progress to achieve this.
Computation is going to be extended for any charge distribution.
A similar code will be implemented for photon-hadron colliders.
We also would like to hear any suggestions from you.
REFERENCES
Y. C. Acar, A. N. Akay, S. Beser, H. Karadeniz, U. Kaya, B. B. Oner and S. Sultansoy, “FCC Based Lepton-Hadron and Photon-Hadron Colliders: Luminosity and Physics”; arXiv:1608.02190 (2016).
